How well do you sleep at night? Sometimes, if you’re a writer, ideas race to your mind the second your head hits the pillow. You struggle like hell to sleep, but the best ideas keep hitting you and you find yourself almost constantly sitting up and writing things down before you lose it. Then your wife wakes up and glares at you for waking her. Nothing is worse than the wife glare of death!

This is what happened to me during the creation of most of my books but it happened the most with Who Killed Joel Larson? It was not until I had published the book that I was able to realize what films and characters had subconsciously inspired my writing. I thought I’d dive into that today. 

Okay. I wanted a story with a great plot. In addition to the focal murder mystery narrative, I wanted to flesh things out with other subplots connected to the main story. This is where Batman Forever planted a seed.
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Batman Forever’s main story is about Batman stopping the hilarious Riddler and goofy Two-Face. That is the main goal of the protagonist. (Batman) But so much else takes place that makes this one hell of a movie, albeit a cartoony one. Take a look at this, courtesy of youtuber J’s Reviews. See his video here.

Despite cramming all of these issues into a movie that is only an hour and half long, it works. There’s a lot for Batman to overcome. In the midst of his depression and battle with two super villains, he also has to take time to mentor his rebellious new ward Dick Grayson. He is also developing a relationship with a new love interest, Dr. Chase Meridian. 

​Likewise, there is a lot going on in Who Killed Joel Larson? The plots are as follows:

*Maggie Taylor will lose her job if she does not solve Joel Larson’s murder in a timely matter.

*A terrorist group reunites and confirms that Maggie is their next target.

*Maggie adopts a daughter who disappears from school.

*Maggie’s antagonistic ex-boyfriend destroys her public reputation and is en route to solving the case first.

*Maggie’s relationships with others is often complicated due to her battle with bipolar disorder.

That’s a hell of a lot for one person to deal with, and that’s what helps her character arc. Speaking of character arcs, that is where Rick Grimes from The Walking Dead steps in. 

Characters have to be realistic. Some of them (especially the protagonist) need to evolve over the course of the story. Otherwise what's the point? Maggie Taylor begins the story as an anxious, depressed human being. She is somewhat of a tomboy version of Winnie The Pooh. However, due to the intense situations she is forced to deal with, she is pushed to the brink and ultimately becomes a warrior. Though she still suffers from her bipolar moods, she ends the story on a happy note. Well, not entirely if you have read the twist ending. But overall she grows tremendously as a person.

Did anyone inspire this character growth? Yes! Rick Grimes from The Walking Dead.
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Rick began the first season as an everyman. He was a good-natured cop before the zombie apocalypse began. Once the dead begin to rise and feed on the living, Rick holds on to his principals. He refuses to kill living people. He goes out of his way to save others, some of whom do not deserve it. He refuses to give up hope, regardless of how bleak the situation is. Because he is level-headed, other characters look up to him as a leader.

However, due to his good intentions sometimes getting people killed, Rick sometimes doubts his own leadership and eventually adapts to the violent world around him. By the end of season 2, he has become a hardened, ruthless individual. In the later seasons, Rick would occasionally he return to his moral code from early seasons, but he always reverts back to becoming a badass. It is the uncompromising violent Rick that kept him and his group alive for so long. The zombie apocalypse changed him tremendously as a person.
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Rick inspired me in other ways too. For example, Rick’s behavior was often influenced by those around him. Rick’s former best friend turned antagonist Shane Walsh planted the seed for Rick to become emotionless, violent and uncompromising. His father figures (Dale and later Hershel) helped him maintain his humanity. His sidekick Daryl is constantly his backbone, almost always giving Rick his full support. Michonne and Glenn are Rick’s conscience as well as secondary strategists. And then there’s his son Carl, whom Rick will do anything to protect. 

Pictured above is what I consider a "Character Tree." If this were the solar system, the protagonist would be the sun and the supporting characters would be the planets. 

In the case of my protagonist Maggie Taylor, her husband Jacob would be Character C. Because he is confident and silly, he brings out Maggie's humorous side. She feels safe and secure with him.

You see, the Character Tree is much like real life. You act and feel certain ways around different people. For example, your boss may bring out an ill-tempered side of you, but your child at home brings out your playful and optimistic side. Characters in fiction are no different. No one is black or white. There's a lot of grey.

However, the Character Tree does not have to be as exact as you see it here. For example, Lamont Jackson (Maggie's vengeful ex-boyfriend) does a damn good job of humiliating and antagonizing her. He crushes her spirit and brings out Maggie's fearful and vulnerable side perhaps more than any other character. 

Her boss Commissioner Mickey becomes a caring mentor and father figure. It is his wisdom and mentoring that helps Maggie to keep a level head in tough situations. In contrast, Maggie does not get along with her racist and overbearing mother, who generally brings out her morose side. Something as subtle as the Character Tree brings realism to the story.

(Spoilers for The Last Of Us) OK. Imagine you're a sweet but foul-mouthed 14 year-old girl. You have no family because a fungus has mutated most humans into vicious zombies. Mankind is hanging by a thread, but you have one person that you love -- A father figure who has saved your life and vice versa. With me so far?

Alright. Four years later, a mysterious and muscular woman named Abby comes from out of nowhere and blatantly murders your father figure. Naturally, Abby’s the villain, right? Well, midway through the game, the player is forced to switch roles and play as Abby, who, as we find out, is actually the story’s hero. Your father figure was the real monster all along, and you're following in his footsteps. 

I took inspiration from this. For example, in Who Killed Joel Larson? There is a minor character who recently lost his wife and his young son is currently dying from the same illness. The quickest way for this character to get the money to pay for his son’s operations is to become a hitman for a crime boss.

​So, is he doing the right thing (by saving his son’s life) or is he doing the wrong thing (by killing innocent people)? Either way, he is the anti-villain or the anti-hero hero depending on your perspective. Maybe you see him as a villain. Me personally? I see him as an anti-villain because he doesn't want to do these things, but loves his son and will do anything to save his life.

Ahh, perspectives. This  was something I enjoyed playing with. Since Joel Larson’s body is discovered during the prologue, he is not available for the reader to get to know during the current timeline, so we rely on the perspective of others who knew him. But we get to know Joel during flashbacks. To get deeper perspective from Joel, a few of his journal entries are available throughout the novel. Joel was secretive with his journal, therefore no one read it until after his death. This will help you to draw your own conclusions about the guy. Was he purely a monster? Was he misunderstood? Were his mental illnesses to blame? Were the seeds of his bad behavior planted by poor parenting? You could argue that it could have been any or all of these things, but ultimately it’s up to you. 

The same is very true of Catwoman in Batman Returns. Her only real goal is to get revenge on the man who murdered her. Is she trying to kill everyone in her path? Is she a bad person overall? No. She may be mentally unstable, sure. But she also saves a woman from being mugged, and is more interested in seducing Batman than killing him. Still, although she does bad things sometimes, her reasons are well understood.

​If the movie were from her perspective, Batman would be the villain because he is trying desperately to stop her from achieving her goal of killing her former boss, Max Shreck. 

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You know what? The first “Whodunit” I was ever intrigued by was a storyline from the WWE (then the WWF) In 1999, Stone Cold Steve Austin was run over by a limousine and out of action for 9 months or so. Everyone on the roster was a suspect. Although Austin was extremely popular with the fans, he was not popular with the other characters. He was a beer-drinking anti-hero who went by the motto, “Don’t Trust Anybody.”

During his absence, his long-time rival The Rock replaced him as the company’s top star. Likewise, the WWF’s top villain (Triple H) married the daughter of Vince McMahon (Steve’s arch nemesis) and dominated as the WWF champion. Naturally The Rock, Vince McMahon and Triple H were the top three suspects, but Austin did not get along with anybody (aside from announcer Jim Ross) so the list of potential suspects was as deep as the grand canyon.

This whodunit angle did not necessarily influence the Joel Larson mystery, but showed me how such a mystery should be handled. Like Stone Cold, Joel Larson was not Mr. Popularity. There's a short list of people who genuinely liked Joel Larson.

Samantha Larson- Joel's mother. She loved her son dearly and desperately wants to know who murdered him.

Jessica Larson- Joel's quiet and gothic sister. Close to her mother most of the time.

Terry Rossi -Joel's maternal grandfather. Despite always supporting Joel, he is a bad influence on him and regularly clashes with Samantha on raising him.  Because he is deceased in the current timeline, Terry is only present in a flashback and mentioned once in Joel’s journal. He was a wise-cracking character, but Joel may have turned out better if he lived longer.

Maria Sanchez -The closest thing to a girlfriend Joel ever had, and a really close friend in the short time they knew each other. The staff permanently separated them after they were caught doing something sexual. Both of them missed each other greatly, but never saw each other again. Maria is devastated by the death of her friend.

Evan Camden - A friend Joel saved during a seizure. Evan has Down syndrome, was a good kid and got adopted in Florida 

Peter and Donna Smith -An elderly couple Joel rescued from a wolf attack. They speak at his funeral. 

Father Clifford Stephens - An amusing priest adored by the students of Father Barry Catholic Middle & High School. He gives Joel wisdom during his teenage years. After Joel’s death, he expresses his sorrow on social media and gives the homily at Joel’s funeral. He is only seen in flashbacks and in one social media post.

Coach Jack William Wright -Jack becomes a huge fan of Joel after witnessing him knockout huge popular bully Clay Ross. Much like Father Stephens, Dr. Chung, and Joel’s grandfather Terry, Coach Wright is very supportive of Joel. He pleads with Principal Glover to allow him to nurture Joel’s gift and train him to be a boxer, but the close-minded Glover refuses. Coach Wright is regretful and devastated over Joel’s death. Like Father Stephens, he only appears in flashbacks and on a social media post.

Elijah Sanderson - Mae Sanderson’s 8 year-old grandson. Loved to hang out with Joel. Joel’s last real friend.

Compare this tiny list of Joel's allies to his looooonng list of enemies.

Aaron Henson: A pedophile who lives across the street from Joel.

Kinky Christa: A sex worker who rejects Joel.

Jackie Larson: Joel's older brother. Joel attacked his wife and caused her to miscarry. As a result, Jackie has never forgiven Joel.

Kelly Patterson: An evangelist caretaker Joel attempted to rape.

Crazy Dan: A homeless alcoholic veteran who was near the crime scene.

​Mark Tupola: An effeminate caretaker beaten up badly by Joel.

Tiana Jones: A former colleague of Joel's. Joel fondled her at McDonald's and she threatened to kill him.

Amaya Turner: One of Joel's caretakers. Joel broke her windshield and knocked her out with his fist.

Mae Sanderson: A smug and jaded elderly caretaker who openly despises Joel.

Randy Venson: An innocent caretaker Joel frames to get arrested by the police.

Damon Richards: Maggie's new assistant. He's shy, introverted and secretive. 

Sarah Vaughn: The 21 year-old jogger who discovered Joel's body.

Clay Ross: A tough jock who bullies Joel in middle school.  He eventually has a sex change and becomes Clayannah Ross.
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Naturally, there are certain types of characters needed in each story you tell. Everyone has to serve a purpose one way or another. Before I dwell into the different types of character tropes, here is a list of the main cast of Who KILLED Joel Larson?

Maggie Taylor (Protagonist) Insecure, timid, anxious and depressed. Desperate to save her job by solving the Joel Larson murder case and locate her missing daughter. Her life is complicated by her impatient boss Commissioner Mickey, her overbearing mother Rachel, a vengeful ex-boyfriend and a terrorist group out to kill her. Although she has enough problems, her bipolar diagnosis makes things harder.

Joel Larson   (Deuteragonist)   The 24 year-old mentally disabled man whose life and death are the focal point of the story. Joel was highly intelligent but had the maturity of a ten year-old child. He suffered from constipation,  autism, pathological laughter, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. He had a long history of racism, violence and both physical and sexual assault, but was on his way to redemption when he was murdered. However, a lot of his bad behavior was the result of his mental disorders and bad parenting. His biggest obsessions are losing his virginity and the late heavyweight champion Rocky Marciano.

Jacob Taylor:  Maggie’s friendly and concerned husband. He tries to keep her laughing and is always in her corner. Although he is a goofball, he is mentally tougher than Maggie. He is her backbone.

Commissioner Leonard Mickey: Maggie's gruff boss, and the most popular police officer in the city. So popular, in fact, that he is running for governor and en route to an easy victory. 

Lamont Jackson: Lamont is a famous journalist who is also the disgruntled ex-boyfriend of Maggie. He still resents her for breaking his heart years ago, and is actively out for revenge.

Dr. Theodore Chung: Joel's friendly psychologist. 

Mallory Taylor: Maggie's recently adopted daughter. She suddenly disappears from school one day.

The Jaspers: A group of terrorists who confirm that Maggie is their next target.

These are the main characters. Now let's go into which types of characters you see in nearly each film, book or general story. Pay close attention.

Protagonist - The main character. He/she drives the plot and grows as the story progresses. This is their story and their perspective. In Who Killed Joel Larson? The protagonist is obviously Maggie Taylor.

Villain/Antagonist - The person who opposes the protagonist or hero. The antagonist doesn't always have to be a physical character. It would be a force of some sort, or something that the protagonist has to battle from within. Although antagonists are often evil or wicked, this is not always the case. Sometimes they are just standing in the way of the goal's of the protagonist or vice versa. In my novel there are several antagonists including Lamont Jackson, The Jaspers, Maggie's bipolar diagnosis and several other characters who will surprise you later in the story.

Tertiary Character - A character of minor importance but vital to the plot in some way. We know just enough important things about them to find them interesting. An example would be Glinda The Good Witch in The Wizard of Oz. She does not appear much, but plays a vital role in Dorothy's journey. In my story, many of the people Maggie interrogate fill this role.

Deuteragonist- The second most important character in the story. In some stories they support the protagonist. (Like Robin supporting Batman, for example). Other times the deuteragonist may also be the antagonist. Deuteragonists may even have their own subplot. In Who Killed Joel Larson? The deuteroagonist is obviously the title character.

Love Interest - Quite obvious. In my story, Maggie's husband is her love interest. Joel attempts to have several love interests but they never pan out.

Mentor/Confidant - The character the protagonist trusts the most. They could be a wise older person, a sidekick, a love interest, etc. When the protagonist confides in the confidant, they are actually speaking to the audience. In my novel, the confidant characters are primarily Maggie's husband Jacob and Commissioner Mickey. In his subplots, Joel Larson has a few characters he confides in, including Dr. Chung, Greg Smith and Father Stephens. 

Flat Characters - Minor characters who only appear once or don’t contribute much to the story. They're minor plot devices just to get from point A to point B. They could be a pet, a secretary, a mailman, a stranger, etc. Generally these characters may have one or two lines.

Foil Character - Someone who is the opposite of the protagonist but not always in a bad way. In my story, Jacob is Maggie's foil. She is depressed and anxious while he is confident and funny.

Anti-Hero - Someone who lacks heroic tendencies, but you wind up rooting for them. Sometimes the anti-hero is someone who doesn't want to be the hero, but they're somehow forced into doing the right thing. Maggie is something of an anti-hero early in the story. Likewise, Joel is an anti-hero in certain situations.

Anti-Villain - Someone who may be good character overall but does bad things for understandable reasons and ends up being a villain. Sometimes the person is forced into being a villain, much like the David Kessler character in An American Werewolf In London. In my novel, the hitman character I mentioned earlier in this essay is a perfect example of this. (He is part of a MAJOR plot twist).

False Protagonist - Someone whom you think is the lead character, but you discover a bit later that they are not the lead character. This character may die early in the story, or the focus will shift to another character as the protagonist. Sometimes you'll discover later that this person is actually the villain. There are no false protagonists in my story, but there are plot twists that will throw you off. (A character or two you think is a good character but they're really not, and vice versa).

False Antagonist - The opposite of a false protagonist. They appear to be the bad guy but you later discover that they are not the main villain or they were never the antagonist in the first place. Sometimes they wind up being the hero. There is one in my story but I won't spoil it. 

Hero Antagonist - A good character opposing a villain protagonist. Hero antagonists are only present if the main character is the villain. 

Villain Protagonist - The villain when he/she is the main character. In his subplots, Joel is a villain protagonist although he has moments of good.

Static Character - A character who does not change at all throughout the story. In my story, Maggie's mother Rachel is overbearing, racist and opinionated. She is this way at the beginning of the story, and the same at the conclusion.

He was sloppy. He was crude. He lacked skill, speed, finesse and grace in the ring. But the boy could punch, and given Jack Johnson’s suspect chin, Tony has a chance in this fight. But before we get to that, let’s dissect Tony’s career and style. My primary focus will be on his most famous fight, where he twice hurt The Brown Bomber Joe Louis, even flooring him once.

Joe Louis was in his prime and destroying his opposition so quickly and easily that his opponents were nicknamed “Bums of the month.” Joe wound up being heavyweight champion for nearly 12 years and defended the championship a record 25 times. One of the guys he defended his crown against during this time was “Two-Ton” Tony Galento.

Tony was one of boxing’s first trash talkers. When asked once about Joe Louis, Tony replied by saying, “I’ve never heard of the bum.” 

During the weeks leading up to their fight, Tony would repeatedly call Louis and say, “I’m gonna moida ya bum,” and then slam down the receiver. Louis generally kept a stoic face and a cool head, but Galento wound up being one of the few fighters to piss him off. Louis even said to a reporter before the fight, “Why is that little fat man calling me a bum?” Not only did Galento hurt Joe in the ring, but he hurt the champ's feelings :(

Louis and Galento both sat down to discuss their infamous battle together in the video below. They went into detail on everything, including Joe mentioning how he planned to carry Tony for a long time to punish him for his trash talk, but got upset when Tony knocked him down, so he decided to end it fast. I must also point out that Joe always ended things quickly when an opponent hurt him or was a major threat to him. Galento is a great example of this, as was Max Baer, Jack Roper, Max Schmeling (rematch) and others.

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Put yourself in this situation. You’re a heavyweight boxer waiting for the bell to ring. Your opponent across the ring looks like a smooth-faced 17 year-old kid. He resembles a shy high school student. His trainer Cus D’Amato whispers words of encouragement in his young fighter’s ear.

The bell rings and your 5'11,189-pound opponent comes at you crouching and weaving with his hands up protecting his face as if he's playing a game of peek-a-boo. Once he's almost in range, you throw a jab but suddenly you see a bright light and the floor feels as if it rose and caught up with you. You lay on the ground in a daze. You never saw that left hook coming. It was impossibly fast and landed right on your chin with an explosive effect. Congratulations. You just went a few seconds with Floyd Patterson.

Let's try a different opponent. He has a physique men to this day are jealous of. He stands at 6'3, 220 pounds. The bell rings. You two circle each other a bit. He inches toward you, dragging his right foot. 

You throw a few jabs but he blocks them using a weird armadillo defense. You try another jab but before your lands, he's countered you with his own jab right to your face! You're surprised, but you try to jab again and he stuns you with another counter jab square on the nose. You finally say, “The hell with it,” and prepare to throw a mean hook, but he blasts you in the body with a body shot. As you grimace, he hits you in the jaw with a thunderous right hand. As you stagger backward and get caught by the ropes, you feel your jaw is really loose. It's broken. Congratulations. You just went one minute with Ken “The Jawbreaker” Norton.

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Both Patterson and Norton were vulnerable to the heavy-handed sluggers. Floyd was damn near killed by Sonny Liston on two occasions. Norton was easily destroyed by Foreman and Shavers. But throughout their careers, Patterson was down more times than Norton was. I don’t see Norton getting floored seven times in one fight by someone like Ingemar Johanson. That’s one of several reasons I feel that Norton had a better chin than Patterson.
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​Now let's fast forward back to 1962. It wasn’t until President John F. Kennedy expressed his wishes to see a Patterson-Liston fight that Floyd finally gave into peer pressure and offered Liston the title opportunity that he deserved for years.

Floyd was paralyzed with fear during both encounters with Sonny Liston. While Patterson doesn’t have the chin to ever survive Liston, he never gave himself a fair chance either. If you watch closely, Floyd was making Liston miss a lot of punches. His bobbing and weaving made him a hard target for Liston to initially hit. Instead of countering all of those missed punches the way Frazier or Tyson would have, Floyd just dodged the punches and waited to be hit. It didn’t take long. 
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What I’m saying is that if Floyd had thrown counter blows to the body and the chin, he could have given Sonny to think about, or at least made a better fight out of it. Floyd was so embarrassed that he wore disguises in public after the fight. He once said in an elevator that someone casually said, “Hi, Mr. Patterson” while Floyd was decked out in a disguise. Funny.

Given his reputation for getting knocked out by huge punchers, Ken Norton likely would have gone down against Liston too, but he would have been a tougher cookie for Liston to crumble than Patterson was. Muhammad Ali nick-named Patterson “the rabbit” for good reason.
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The black community was temporarily harsh on both of these men. In these blogs I rarely talk about things that happened outside the ring, but since both of these guys had trouble with the African American public at certain times, I feel the need to address it.
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Norton was criticized by playing a slave in the 1975  movie, Mandingo. Years earlier, former light heavyweight champion Archie Moore faced similar criticism for playing Jim in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. But during Archie’s time, there were not many roles for African Americans that were not slaves, butlers, or dancing bug-eyed fools. Because of that, I don’t have a huge issue with Archie playing a slave. It was likely the only movie role he could get at that time in U.S. history.

By the 1970s, on the other hand, things had lightened up. For example, Duane Jones had already played the lead character in 1968’s Night Of The Living Dead. Ken Norton didn’t have to play a slave. He had more options. Because of this he was slammed by the black press.

Floyd Patterson was famously (and repeatedly) called an Uncle Tom by Muhammad Ali and other Civil Rights leaders. Here’s the thing. Guys like Joe Louis and Joe Frazier, for example, were not great speakers like an MLK, Muhammad Ali or Malcolm X. It just wasn’t their gift. The same is true of Floyd Patterson. But unlike Patterson, Louis and Frazier did what they could behind the scenes to make change for African Americans.

Joe Louis refused to entertain only white troops during WW2, and desegregated the United States Army as a result. Joe also desegregated the PGA golf program during the 1950s after his final retirement. Similarly, Joe Frazier stayed out of the spotlight with his good deeds also, most notably going to then-President Nixon to persuade him to give Muhammad Ali his boxing license back.

Louis and Frazier were not public civil rights activists, but they discreetly made change. Just because they were quiet about it didn’t make them “Uncle Toms” no matter what Ali said. That was wrong of him, especially publicly slamming Frazier, who went out of his way to give Ali a shot at his championship.
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That brings me to Floyd Patterson, who not only didn’t do anything to bring about change for his people, but openly sucked up to the white man. Floyd publicly said that Muhammad Ali was “not an American.” What the hell, dude? And he also refused to call him “Muhammad Ali,” instead referring to him as Cassius Clay. Some fellow boxers (both white and black) such as Joe Louis and Rocky Marciano, initially didn't agree with Ali's new name and other political statements, especially refusing the induction into the Army. But once they got to know him, they understood. Louis confirmed this in his autobiography, and Peter Marciano mentioned this in his interview on the Marciano v. Ali Computer Fight documentary. 

But even Marciano and Louis didn't publicly slam Ali the way that Patterson did, and for Patterson to say these things about another black man (especially one fighting for Civil Rights) was a blatant sell-out move in my opinion.

Floyd was commonly referred to as “the good Negro,” especially in his fights against the “thug” Sonny Liston and the “militant black Muslim” Muhammad Ali. In fact, many former heavyweight champions like Rocky Marciano, Jim Braddock, Ezzard Charles, Jersey Joe Walcott and Ingemar Johanson picked Patterson to beat Liston, but they were thinking with their hearts. I honestly think their prediction was a pick against Liston rather than a pick for Floyd. As former heavyweight champions, they had to know Patterson would lose, especially Ingemar, who basically made a habit of dropping Patterson. If he could hurt Patterson, surely Sonny Liston would. 

There’s more I could get into here...a lot more. But I prefer to talk about boxing rather than politics. Let's move on to the final segment.
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​Known as the Ambling Alp (What kind of name is that?!?!) Primo was the biggest heavyweight champion in history until the arrival of the 7-foot tall Nikolai Valuev. Carnera was incredibly strong, even working as a strongman and professional wrestler at one point.

Primo naturally had an intimating presence because of his size, but his scary reputation increased when he fatally knocked out Ernie Schaaf in February 1933. In the 13th round, a jab from the giant sent Schaaf sprawling to the canvas, and he never entirely woke up. He briefly awoke paralyzed in the hospital, but lapsed back into a coma and passed away 4 days later. Here is a clip of the knockout.  

That 19-second demolition you just witnessed is the entire David Tua-John Ruiz fight. Many of Tua's early fights went like this, and he was referred to by many as "The Samoan Mike Tyson." Like his hero Mike Tyson, David Tua often ended fights early in an explosive fashion.

After turning pro in 1992, David gained a reputation for being one of boxing's most feared sluggers. His trainers were Lou Duva, Ronnie Shields and Kevin Barry. Duva was friends with Rocky Marciano and said during one of Tua's  post-fight interviews that he gave his pupil a “Rocky Marciano style.” That may have been Duva's intent, but in my opinion David combined Tyson's aggressive approach with Joe Frazier's explosive left hook and stamina. Throw in a granite chin, and the result is David Tua.

David had a reputation for destroying guys within the first round, but he was also dangerous because he could go the distance no problem. There were many fights where David was behind on the scorecards but his bomb of a left hook bailed him out at the last second. Well, I guess you could compare him to Marciano in that regard. Marciano and Tua both had fights where their one-punch power saved the day at the last second.

Tua also had a chin of absolute granite. He was rarely hurt or staggered. Those huge tree trunk legs kept him sturdy.

Tua's first loss came to Ike Ibeabuchi in one of the best fights of all time. The battle was close. I had it 6-4-2 for Ike Ibeabuchi. Tua had issues adjusting to Ike's jab during the first four rounds, and Ike fought like hell to survive the last round, outpointing Tua. If not for his late start, Tua would have won.

Despite losing, this was Tua's best performance. He threw devastating combinations of hooks and uppercuts, he threw dozens of punches to the head and body almost consistently. Both guys wanted the win badly, and wound up having the highest number of punches thrown in a heavyweight fight.
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​Primo fought as an upright, outside boxer. He used his long 85-inch reach and jab to fight from the distance.

Tua, on the other hand, was the exact opposite. He charged right at you and launched his thudding hooks and uppercuts in close range.

If we go by what Louis said, Primo had a “pretty decent jab” and pushed with his right. What we know is that when sluggers slipped under his guard and landed on Primo's chin, he went down in a heap.

Max Baer and Joe Louis are the hardest punchers Primo fought, and they both shattered him easily once they landed their first significant punch. Louis wisely concentrated on a body attack during the early rounds to "soften" Primo up. Once Primo was visibly getting fatigued and began to drop his guard to protect his ribs, that's when Louis got aggressive and went for the kill. 

But Max Baer? He was a wild swinging madman. No finesse, no grace, no setup, just wild crazy random swings. If he could connect on Baer, I'm almost sure anyone could.

The difference between their victories against Primo is that Louis started setting Primo up as early as the first round, so it took less knockdowns to finish him later. Primo was broken down and ready to go by round 6. Baer hurt Primo earlier, but because he didn't "weaken" him the way Louis did, it took him a lot longer for Baer to finish the giant. (11 rounds).

Lewis and his trainer Emanuel Steward had Tua all figured out long before the fight. In addition to keeping Tua at bay with his telephone pole jab, Lewis held his right hand near his jaw, protecting it from Tua's only threatening punch – the left hook.

Despite being bigger than Lewis, Primo didn't jab nearly as much, nor was his right hand as vicious. I also don't think he'd employ any set strategy to keep Tua off of him. Because Primo lacked proper defense, it's more than possible that Tua would sneak through and blast his jaw the way Louis and Baer did.

Then again, Tua could be a lazy fighter at times. There were many fights he had against big guys with minimal talent similar to Carnera –  David Izon, Oleg Maskaev, and Danell Nicholson immediately spring to mind. These guys were far from great fighters but they were having a fun time dismantling Tua until he suddenly landed that big left hook that put them to sleep.
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​Lennox Lewis was too good for Tua, but Tua could have given himself a chance if he'd thrown more punches. In Lewis' next fight, Hasim Rahman destroyed him with one punch and took his championships. Tua is a much harder puncher than Rahman. The difference between the two is that Rahman actually threw punches in his title fight with Lewis, and Tua didn't.

Tua lost his fight against Bryd for similar reasons. He spent the whole fight looking to smash the elusive Bryd with his fierce left hook. Bryd has a great chin and could roll well with a punch if he saw it coming. Tua landed plenty of body punches throughout the fight, but by the time Bryd started to slow down because of it, it was round 11 and the fight was nearly over.

Lennox Lewis said it best. “It takes a whole arsenal to beat Lennox Lewis, not just a left hook and a haircut.” A cocky statement, but true.

If I had to rank Carnera and Tua, I'd rank Carnera ahead. For starters, Primo actually won the heavyweight title, something Tua never did. Even sadder for Tua is that there were four heavyweight titles during his era and he never picked up a single one, while many lesser fighters did.

Secondly, Primo's biggest losses were understandable. Tua, on the other hand, fell in love with his power and had no strategy against Lewis and Bryd aside from smashing them with a huge left hook to the chin.

​As far as mobility goes, Primo moved a bit better than Jess Willard, but he was no gazelle. Still, Carnera wasn't necessarily slow, but you could see most of his punches coming. You could say maybe he was average at best.

Tua's hand speed wasn't on the Tyson or Ali level, but when he's in range that left hook could certainly catch you by surprise. Ask Darroll Wilson about that. He and Tua were scuffling up close, and Wilson all of a sudden went down. Tua had snuck a left hook to his chin. 1st round knockout.

People used to compare Tua's left hook to Joe Frazier's, but Joe's was clearly better. Joe could launch that punch from any angle, and you often couldn't see it coming.

Joe would “double” his hook, throwing one left hook to the body and then another one to the head. BANG! BANG! It was this combination that sent Muhammad Ali staggering into the ropes during round 11 of the fight of the century in 1971.

Sometimes Frazier threw the left hook after a jab in one motion, and sometimes he threw the left hook after a right hand set-up.

Tua was more predictable, often leaning a bit to his left just before launching the punch. Generally, you could see his hook coming if he were more than a foot and half away. But up close? You'd never see it coming.... and wake up in the locker room.  
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Here's what you've been waiting for. One guy (Tua) had awesome power, a concrete chin and no problem going the distance. The other (Carnera) was one of the biggest men to ever lace up the gloves and even killed a man in the ring. How does the fight go?

Well, it depends on Tua. The 1994-97 version of David Tua would attempt to smash Carnera immediately. It took Louis and Baer a few knockdowns to keep the giant down for good, but they succeeded. They also connected their blows rather easily.

If Louis said he had issues getting under Primo's guard during the first few rounds, so would Tua, who lacked Louis' defense and was even shorter. Louis broke Primo down with his jab and counters to the body, waiting for the perfect time to strike. That moment finally arrived in round 6.

The '90s version of Tua still had issues adjusting to jabs, but because Primo didn't throw that many and Tua kept attacking, he'd land that big left hook  midway through the fight after struggling a few rounds to close the gap. A surprised and outgunned Carnera would be repeatedly put on the canvas.

If it's the overweight David Tua that lost to Lennox Lewis, Carnera may stay in the game a bit longer, but it'd be the same result – Carnera tries to survive, but the referee stops the fight after the big man takes one left hook too many.

David Tua Wins By Sensational Knockout in Round 5.

​Agree? Disagree? Duke it out in the comments!
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When I was a teenager living in Memphis, TN, I remember browsing my local Blockbuster Video Store. (RIP, Blockbuster). I stumbled across a movie called Rocky Marciano. Being a boxing fan, I was immediately intrigued. In case you're unaware, Rocky Marciano retired with a record of 49-0 with 43 wins by knockout. At the time, I knew almost nothing about Marciano other than the fact that he retired undefeated and, according to Eddie Murphy, beat up Joe Louis when he was 175 years old.

I rented the film but I wondered how a movie like this would work. We know Rocky never lost a fight, so what would be the conflict? How do you make a movie where everyone already knows the ending? Turns out, Director Charles Winkler did a great job spinning around this issue, and the film became my favorite boxing movie to date. 

We meet 10 year-old Rocky Marciano during the Great Depression when everyone was pissed off and money was scarce. His father (played by the late George C. Scott in one of his final roles) was a miserable Italian immigrant working at a Stacy Adams shoe factory. In the meantime, Rocky discovered a love of boxing. His hero was the great Joe Louis, the heavyweight champion at that time. We witness young Rocky hanging up a picture of Louis in his bedroom and celebrating with the locals on the legendary night when Louis knocked out Germany's Max Schmeling in one round.

As an adult, Rocky (Jon Favreau) had enough of work in the shoe factory and, reviving his love of boxing, decides to get involved in amateur boxing where he quickly suffers humiliating losses to Golden Gloves Champion Henry Lester and four other contenders. Ignoring the pleading of his best friend Allie Colombo, (Rino Romano) Rocky decides to turn professional. His strategy of training harder than his opponents sounded ridiculous at first, but his conditioning and hard-hitting style allowed him to win his first 12 fights by knockout. By the middle of the movie, he's already gone 25-0 against the best boxers in the world.

Around this time is where the problems begin to pile up, and boy did Rocky have a lot of problems on his plate! First, he meets a well-connected manager named Al Weill. Al may be good at booking fights, but he talks Rocky into signing a contract where he receives half of Rocky's earnings for the rest of his life. This begins a long flow of money problems Rocky faces throughout the movie. Next, Rocky nearly quits boxing when he literally punches the undefeated 6'4 Carmine Vingo into a coma. Vingo recovered and is paralyzed today, but the incident had a bad effect on Rocky. Around the same time, he asks his girlfriend Barbara Cousins (Penelope Ann Miller) to marry him and she turns him down. Damn.

Eventually she comes around, but Rocky is hit with tough news at their wedding when Al Weill announces that Rocky will have to fight his hero, The Brown Bomber Joe Louis!

This is the real conflict of the movie. Rocky loved Joe Louis. No, I mean, he really loved the guy. Everytime Louis was in Rocky's presence, he walked in slow motion and appeared to float. He was Rocky's hero since childhood. Louis defended the heavyweight title 25 times and was champ for almost 13 years. But he was forced out of retirement because of tax problems. Even though he was past his prime, he was still regarded by most in the film as "the greatest boxer who ever lived" and few gave Rocky a chance at beating him.

However, beating Joe Louis was the only way Marciano could get a shot at the heavyweight title and have enough money to rescue his father from that "damn shoe factory," as he put it. The money would also put Rocky in a better position to get away from the greedy Al Weill and the other gangsters lurking around.

Even though it's not entirely accurate, a lot of things were done right here. For starters, I like the way Favreau played Marciano. He gave him a bit of cool cockiness that made him likeable. He's someone you could easily be friends with and you want to see him succeed.

Secondly, Favreau and Duane Davis (who played Joe Louis) really did their homework on the fighting styles of the characters they played. Favreau did a great job mimicking Rocky's bobbing and weaving style, while Davis looked great portraying Louis' flat footed, boxer-puncher techniques, right down to crushing jab and swift, hard combinations Louis would throw. In the end, the climactic fight between the two was really well done and an excellent representation of the real battle between Louis and Marciano. To sum it up, Louis controlled the fight early with his jab, but Marciano's constant pressure and body attacks wore him out as the rounds progressed. Marciano floored Louis with a hard left hook in the 8th round and finished him moments later by knocking him through the ropes with a devastating right to the jaw.

Many friends of Rocky will tell you that he was a bit weird when it came to money. He only took cash, and hid money in odd places. The movie explains early on how The Great Depression effected Rocky during his childhood. After growing up poor, he made sure to save every penny he had. He didn't trust banks or checks. Only cash.

The film paid close attention to history, particularly in scenes like the one when Rocky was training for the Louis fight. Along with Allie and trainer Charley Goldman (Aron Tager) Marciano watches Louis' fights with Schmeling, looking for any potential weaknesses in The Brown Bomber.  Goldman points out that Louis drops his left hand, leaving him wide open for the overhand right. This shows the trio came up with Marciano's fight plan for Louis - kill the body and the head will die. In other words, hit Louis so much in the ribs and stomach that when he drops his hands to protect the body, smash him with a knockout blow upstairs. The strategy worked. Watching this is like being a fly on the wall in a real training camp. 

To me, the film landed all the right blows for a boxing movie. You care about the characters, the fight scenes were excellent, the acting was good, etc. Plus it's nice to see something done on a heavyweight champion whose last name isn't Ali or Tyson. No offense to those two, but other boxing legends are lost in their shadows and Marciano is one of them. In addition, Marciano is one of my favorite heavyweight champions of all time. In his prime he was exactly my size. (5'10, 184 pounds, although my long dreads may be extra weight). In boxing, my favorite boxers are the little guys with a big punch. Rocky had freakish punching power for someone so undersized, something else explored in the film. 

Also, in a time of racial tension in this country, Marciano was not a racist man. The film goes out of its way to show this several times, among them being scenes showing Marciano's respect for Louis, and the fact that he attacked a reporter who made a racist remark about Louis. Because of this, I respect Rocky as both a boxer and as a man. Also, if you pay attention, you'll notice that actor Tony Lo Bianco (who plays gangster Frankie Carbo in this movie) played Rocky Marciano in another Marciano biopic during the 1970s. But every movie has cons and sure enough, this one is no exception.

Only three things bother me about Rocky Marciano. One is the constant flashbacks. It starts to give you a headache after a while, especially when they arrive without warning. One minute Rocky is balding and happily retired. The next he's a young contender struggling with a corrupt manager and knocking people out. 

Second, the movie somewhat ignores Louis' age when he fought Marciano. Remember that in the beginning of the story, Rocky is a small boy celebrating a Louis victory. And as an adult, 13 years later, he's fighting the man! But strangely, no one really mentions Louis' age and everyone acts like the fight is prime versus prime. I understand at the time that Louis' legacy was already intact and Rocky was still a prospect, but the movie's writers basically ignored Louis' age. The producers should have given the Louis character a bald spot or gray hair or something to show that he was much older than Rocky.

Lastly, (and most important) the movie stopped too early in Rocky's career. The film ends just after his victory over Joe Louis, therefore we don't get to see his tough fight against Jersey Joe Walcott for the heavyweight title, or the battles with Ezzard Charles and Archie Moore. Those fights were classics and would have been great to see. I understand that the movie would have to be a miniseries to include those highlights, but it would have been worth it, in my opinion. The producers did such a great job with the fight scenes that I know they would have done Marciano's later fights justice.

Other than those three minor quibbles, this film is great! HBO also scored a knockout with their 1995 movie, Tyson, which featured some of the cast from this film. That movie was awesome as well, but the Marciano movie edges it out a little, possibly because Mike Tyson's story has been told countless times.

As far as Rocky Marciano goes, I definitely recommend this movie. Even if you're not a fan of boxing, I think you'll like this one. Great storytelling, and my favorite boxing biopic of them all.

**** 1/2
 Four and a half stars out of 5

Listen to my interview with Rocky Marciano biographer John Cameron.

See what Joe Louis himself had to say about his brawl with The Brockton Blockbuster. (Scans taken from Joe Louis' autobiography, My Life).

Marvis Frazier is currently on a book tour and will be in a city near you! For more information, visit meetmarvisfrazier.com or visit Marvis' facebook page.